Home>Solana Documentation>Developing Programs>Anchor Framework

JS/TS Client

Anchor provides a Typescript client library (@coral-xyz/anchor) that simplifies the process of interacting with Solana programs from the client in JavaScript or TypeScript.

Клиентская программа #

To use the client library, first create an instance of a Program using the IDL file generated by Anchor.

Creating an instance of the Program requires the program's IDL and an AnchorProvider. An AnchorProvider is an abstraction that combines two things:

Connection - соединение с кластером Solana (т.е. localhost, devnet, mainnet)
Wallet - (опционально) кошелек по умолчанию, используемый для оплаты и подписания транзакций

When integrating with a frontend using the wallet adapter, you'll need to set up the AnchorProvider and Program.

import { Program, AnchorProvider, setProvider } from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import { useAnchorWallet, useConnection } from "@solana/wallet-adapter-react";
import type { HelloAnchor } from "./idlType";
import idl from "./idl.json";
 
const { connection } = useConnection();
const wallet = useAnchorWallet();
 
const provider = new AnchorProvider(connection, wallet, {});
setProvider(provider);
 
export const program = new Program(idl as HelloAnchor, {
  connection,
});

In the code snippet above:

idl.json is the IDL file generated by Anchor, found at /target/idl/<program-name>.json in an Anchor project.
idlType.ts is the IDL type (for use with TS), found at /target/types/<program-name>.ts in an Anchor project.

Альтернативно вы можете создать экземпляр Program, используя только IDL и соединение Connection с кластером Solana. This means there is no default Wallet, but allows you to use the Program to fetch accounts or build instructions without a connected wallet.

import { clusterApiUrl, Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
import { Program } from "@coral-xyz/anchor";
import type { HelloAnchor } from "./idlType";
import idl from "./idl.json";
 
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
 
export const program = new Program(idl as HelloAnchor, {
  connection,
});

Инструкции вызова #

Once the Program is set up using a program IDL, you can use the Anchor MethodsBuilder to:

Build individual instructions
Build transactions
Build and send transactions

The basic format looks like the following:

program.methods - This is the builder API for creating instruction calls from the program's IDL

await program.methods
  .instructionName(instructionData)
  .accounts({})
  .signers([])
  .rpc();

Anchor provides multiple methods for building program instructions:

The rpc() method sends a signed transaction with the specified instruction and returns a TransactionSignature.

When using .rpc, the Wallet from the Provider is automatically included as a signer.

// Generate keypair for the new account
const newAccountKp = new Keypair();
 
const data = new BN(42);
const transactionSignature = await program.methods
  .initialize(data)
  .accounts({
    newAccount: newAccountKp.publicKey,
    signer: wallet.publicKey,
    systemProgram: SystemProgram.programId,
  })
  .signers([newAccountKp])
  .rpc();

Получить аккаунты #

The Program client simplifies the process of fetching and deserializing accounts created by your Anchor program.

Use program.account followed by the name of the account type defined in the IDL. Anchor provides multiple methods for fetching accounts.

Use all() to fetch all existing accounts for a specific account type.

const accounts = await program.account.newAccount.all();

Содержание

JS/TS Client

Клиентская программа #

Инструкции вызова #

Получить аккаунты #